The Rule of Law in the EU: Crisis, Differentiation, Conditionality

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Differentiation: From pragmatic problem-solving to mode of governance. – II.1. Differentiated governance: The normalization of disintegration. – II.2. Getting to “a community of values and of laws”. – III. The rule of law crisis: From dialogues to conditionality. – III.1 Muddling through political dialogue:...

Judicial Responses to Autocratic Legalism: The European Court of Justice in a Cleft Stick?

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Autocratic legalism: a threat to the ECJ’s authority. – II.1. Autocratic counter-interpretations of Union law. – II.2. An autocratic contestation of the ECJ’s authority. – III. A constitutional response to a crisis of values. – III.1. A dynamic response to the formalism of autocratic legalism. – III.2. A...

Peer Reviewing the Rule of Law? A New Mechanism to Safeguard EU Values

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Table of Contents: I. Situating the topic. – II. Dealing with rule transgressions. – II.1. Instrumentalist and normative approaches. – II.2. The potential of peer reviews. – III. What is wrong with the current approaches? – III.1. The Article 7 procedure and the rule of law framework. – III.2. The budget conditionality mechanism. – III.3. The...

Beyond the Rule of Law Conditionality: Exploiting the EU Spending Power to Foster the Union’s Values

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Protecting EU values through ESI funds: The new fundamental rights “enabling conditions”. – III. Decentralising the “politics of values”: The potential of the Justice, Rights and Values Fund. – IV. The Recovery and Resilience Facility: Shaping Europe’s recovery in line with EU values. – V. Conclusions....

The Rise and Fall of Rule of Law Conditionality

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction – II. The road to rule of law conditionality – III. How the rule of law conditionality regulation became an instrument of budget conditionality – III.1. The conditionality mechanism in Regulation 2020/2092 – III.2. Article 322(1) TFEU as the correct legal basis – III.3. Sufficiently direct link – III.4. Alleged infringement of art. 7...

Convulsive Direct Effect?

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In spite of overflowing case law and an incessant scholarly debate, the doctrine of direct effect still delivers fresh surprises. The last in time is a mysterious tripartite statement included in Thelen Technopark ECLI:EU:C:2022:33 (commented by J Lindeboom, ‘Thelen Technopark and the Legal Effects of the Services Directive in Purely Internal and Horizontal Disputes...

The Externalisation of the EU’s Cybersecurity Regime: The Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Cybersecurity as internal market resilience. – III. Cybersecurity as an issue of internal security under the AFSJ. – IV. Mainstreaming cybersecurity into CFSP. – IV.1. The emergence of cyber cooperation under PESCO. – IV.2. Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox: between sanctions and a lawful response to cyber-attacks. –...

European Institutions Acting Outside the EU Legal Order: The Impact of the Euro Crisis on the EU’s 'Single Institutional Framework'

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The case of the ESM: why the Eurozone’s governance does not question the unity of the EU institutional framework. – II.1. The establishment of the ESM. – II.2. The institutional functioning of the ESM. – III. The impact of tasks entrusted to the EU institutions under the ESM on the institutional equilibrium...

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European Forum

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Forum Européen

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Forum europeo

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Foro Europeo