Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. CSDP: Between a common and differentiated policy. – II.1. CSDP as a common policy of the EU. – II.2. Differentiated integration in CFSDP. – III. PESCO’s microcosm of differentiated integration. – III.1. The awakening of the “Sleeping Beauty”. – III.2. Participation in PESCO. – III.3. PESCO projects. – IV....
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. PESCO and differentiated integration in European Defence – II.1. Approaching the definition of differentiated integration. – II.2. Pre-PESCO landscape. – II.3. Differentiated integration via PESCO. – III. The participation of third States. – IV. Strategic Review 2020. – V. Conclusions....
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Post-Brexit security and defence cooperation as differentiated disintegration – III. Theresa May and the proposed “security partnership”. – IV. The trade and cooperation agreement and beyond. – V. The war in Ukraine: A game changer? – VI. Conclusion.
Abstract:...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Differentiated law prior to Brexit. – III. Regime complexity and EU relations with non-Member States. – IV. The five worlds of financial market regulation. – IV.1. Securities and assets law and regulation. – IV.2. Banking law and regulation. – IV.3. Financial reporting law and regulation. – IV.4. Company law...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The evolution of differentiated integration in the field of asy-lum. – III. Flexible solidarity in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. – III.1. The Proposal for a Regu-lation on Asylum and Migration Management: A fresh start? – III.2. The management of flexible soli-darity. – III.3. Return sponsorship: A...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Basic assumptions regarding crises, soft law and differentiation. – III. The dynamics of soft law, differentiation/disintegration: Three scenarios. – III.1. Soft law, territorial differentiation, disintegration. – III.2. Soft law, territorial differentiation, integration. – III.3. Soft law, uniformly applied...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Conceptual confusion. - III. Learning the lessons on differentiated integration. – III.1. The advent of Brexit. – III.2. The challenge for the future. – IV. Conclusion.
Abstract: Historically, the use of differentiated integration mechanisms has been based...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Potential for legislative differentiation: Space offered by the EU legislature. – II.1. Comparing the GDPR and the SAD. – II.2. Legislative contexts. – II.3. Zooming in: Identifying discretion. – III. Using the potential: Member States’ implementation. – IV. Alternative to differentiated integration? – IV.1...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Sources of rigidity. – II.1. Omnidirectional reciprocity as a source of rigidity. – II.2. Interconnectedness as a source of rigidity. – II.3. Effectiveness as a source of rigidity. – II.4. The clash between rigidity and the dynamics of differentiation. – III. Brexit insights for future attempts at structural...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Setting the scene: Use and “non-use” of enhanced cooperation. – III. Legal framework for enhanced cooperation. – III.1. Establishing of enhanced cooperation. – III.2. The implementation of enhanced cooperation. – IV. On a related note: Pre-Brexit negotiations and differentiation. – V. Outlook: Dusk or dawn...
Abstract: This Article provides insights into the question of whether there is a tension between commonness and differentiation in EU policies, in particular post-Brexit. Brexit triggered new discussions on so-called differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union. Not only was Brexit perceived as a potential tool to...
Abstract: In the Swedish Supreme Court's epilogue to the PL Holdings case, the expropriated company lost all its claims against Poland, which had expropriated it. Applying the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on intra-European investment arbitration, the Supreme Court did not merely invalidate the ad hoc...
Abstract: Constructive abstention, provided for in art. 31(2) TEU, has been conceived of as an instrument applicable to CFSP acts. As art. 215 TFEU establishes an integrated regime in which CFSP decisions and TFEU regulations are interdependent on each other, the issue arises as to whether the scope of constructive abstention can be extended to...
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