Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The broad interpretation of Art. 19 TEU. – II.1. An ideal holistic approach to judicial independence. – II.2. The broadening of the material scope of Art. 19 TEU. – III. The paradox of the limited effects of the case law on Art. 19 TEU. – III.1. An unlikely limit: denying Art. 19 TEU direct effect. – III.2....
Abstract: In 2019, the Court of Justice has ruled in an innovative case on the protection of the independence of Member States’ judiciaries. In two judgments, delivered in June and November, the Court declared that several statutes amending the organisation of the Polish judicial system infringed the second subparagraph of Art. 19, para. 1, TEU...
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