Abstract: The EU customs management system is based on uniform legislation that is implemented on a decentralised basis by the Member States. In theory, the Customs Union should operate as if it were one single administration. In practice, the non-harmonised and uncoordinated application of the common customs legislation disrupts the proper...
Keywords: internal market – competition law – unfair commercial practices – pricing policies – additional charges – transparency.
Con la sentenza Ryanair Ltd. c. AGCM,[1] depositata lo scorso 23 aprile 2020, la Corte di giustizia è intervenuta sulle...
Keywords: COVID-19 and the EU – European Solidarity – EU Values – EU Policies – EU Competences – New Research Paths.
On 13 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Europe the active centre of the COVID-19 pandemic. One month later, on 14 April 2020, several European Union Member States were...
Abstract: The present Insight looks at the EU and the international law framework concerning trade measures in the context of the COVID-19 crisis, focusing on export restrictions. As is shown, the legal framework is fairly permissive with regard to EU Member States, but also the EU as an international actor. Taking into account economics–...
Abstract: Restrictions on movement imposed in all Member States have necessarily resulted in a restriction of free movement rights of Union citizens, albeit in an incidental manner. These restrictions are nonetheless facilitated by the relevant provisions of primary and secondary law. This is appropriate in light of the multi-level system of...
Abstract: In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, EU’s reaction is mixed. It partly takes the form of a financial assistance to the Member States. Many funds are mobilized, for example the European Union Solidarity Fund which was set up to respond to major natural disasters and express European solidarity to EU countries and countries involved in...
Keywords: working time – rest breaks – health and safety – Charter – record-keeping – control.
Do employers need to keep a record of workers’ actual hours worked? The Court of Justice had the opportunity to provide an answer in Confederación Sindical de Comisiones Obreras (CCOO) v. Deutsche Bank SAE....
Abstract: The present Insight is an attempt to shed light on the Court’s findings in its Vera Egenberger judgment of 17 April 2018 (case C-414/16). For the first time, the Court interprets Art. 4, para. 2, of Directive 2000/78/EC, providing some important clarifications. Indeed, Art. 4, para. 2, establishes an exception to the general principle of...
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The European Forum aims at being an interlocutor for an open set of recipients. To achieve this aim, it publishes Highlights and Insights...