European Integration Through International Law? The Strange Story of the Global Tax Project

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Day after day, the project to reform the current worldwide accepted system of corporate taxation is taking shape, commonly referred to as the global tax project.

At the beginning of March, a deal to back this project was reached within the G7. This informal agreement was upheld by the G7 Finance Ministers meeting on June 5, 2021, in London. In the...

Opinion 1/17 and Its Themes: An Overview

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Autonomy. – III. The principle of equal treatment and effectiveness. – IV. The right of access to an independent tribunal.

Abstract: This Article introduces the Special Section on “Opinion 1/17: Between European and International Perspectives”, by...

Opinion 1/17: Autonomy of EU Legal Order and the Conflicting Context of International Investment Arbitration

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The concept of autonomy. – III. The fundamental aspects of the principle of autonomy in the light of Opinion 1/17. – III.1. Opinion 1/17 and the allocation of competences. – III.2. Opinion 1/17 and the preliminary reference procedure. – III.3. Opinion 1/17 and the control of EU law. – IV. Evaluating the...

The Legacy of Opinion 1/17: To What Extent Is the Autonomous EU Legal Order Open to New Generation ISDS?

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. EU and a reformed international investment order. – II.1. Post-Lisbon intra-EU developments and traditional ISDS clauses. – II.2. ISDS Novelty outdated? Commission’s reform agenda and the comprehensive economic and trade agreement with Canada (CETA). – II.3. Main legal issues connected to the new generation...

Between Fiction and Reality: The External Autonomy of EU Law as a 'Shapeshifter' After Opinion 1/17

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Table of Contents: I. Eureka moments. – II. A strict versus a lenient approach: hypotethicals, fictions and cursory analyses. – II.1. Hypotethicals can make the difference between a strict or a lenient approach. – II.2. Fictions and assumptions used as legal arguments. – II.3. Not analysing an issue thoroughly enough. – III....

Litigating Human Rights Disputes Against the EU and the Member States: Some Reflections in Light of Opinion 1/17

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the responsibility of EU Members States under the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). – III. Overview of the internalisation model. – IV. Adaptability of the internalisation model to human rights litigation. – V. Conclusions....

Autonomy or Unity? Investment Protection (ISDS) and the Principle of Equality Before the Law

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The pre-assessment. – II.1. The legal question. – II.2. The Court’s rejection of Article 21 CFR. – III. The Court’s assessment of art. 20 CFR. – III.1. “Within the Union itself”. – III.2. Procedural rights – different differently. – III.3. Substantive rights – equals equally. – IV. An alternative way to make...

Article 47 of the Charter in the Opinion Procedure: Some Reflections Following Opinion 1/17

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Questioning art. 47’s role in the Opinion procedure. – II.1. Art. 47’s specific scope of application. – II.2. The specific function of art. 47. – III. Judicial protection standards in the opinion procedure. – III.1. Judicial protection as part of the autonomy claim? – III.2. Judicial protection as part of...

Investment Court Judges and the 'Right to an Independent Tribunal': An Assessment of the Qualification and Ethics Rules in EU FTAs in Light of Opinion 1/17

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Provisions on ethics and qualifications of adjudicators in the new generation FTAs. – II.1. CETA, EUVIPA and EUSIPA: what is across the board? – II.2. Codes of conduct in the Agreements – III. The Opinion 1/17 and the ethics and qualifications of Members of ICS Tribunals. – III.1. The issue raised by Belgium...

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