The Value of Democracy in EU Law and Its Enforcement: A Legal Analysis

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Democracy as a value of EU Law. – II.1. The development of the value of democracy in the European Union – II.2. The value of democracy in art. 2 TEU and the Copenhagen criteria – III. The value of democracy beyond art. 2 TEU. – III.1. Right to vote and to stand as a candidate – III.2. Art. 10 TEU – III.3....

The Activities of Frontex on the Territory of Third Countries: Outsourcing Border Controls Without Human Rights Limits?

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The establishment of the European Border and Coast Guard. – III. The enhancement of the Agency’s mandate. – III.1. The conferral of executive powers on the Agency’s staff. - III.2. The emergence of a supervisory role. – IV. Cooperation with third countries in the framework of the European Border and Coast...

The Ne Bis in Idem Principle in the Age of Balancing

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Table of Contents: I. Dual-track proceedings and the current scope of protection. – II. The need for a clear notion of “idem”. – III. The “sufficiently close connection in substance and time”: ECtHR case-law post A and B v Norway. – IV. The “sufficiently close connection in substance and time”: the unspoken balancing act engaged in by the...

EU Member States’ Responsibility Under International Law for Breaching Human Rights When Cooperating with Third Countries on Migration: Grey Zones of Law in Selected Scenarios

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Table of Contents: I. Setting the scene. – II. Challenges of EU Member States’ extraterritorial border management measures in select scenarios. – III. Allocating international responsibility of EU Member States for their extra-territorial border management activities: Twilight zone. – III.1. First scenario: Activities carried out by EU Member States...

The EU Green Deal and the Transformations of the European Administrative System: Does the 'Epistemic Leadership' of the Scientific Advisory Board Push the Agency Model over the Sunset Boulevard?

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Table of Contents: I. Setting the scene. – II. The (more than) discreet charm of EU agencies. – III. The evolution of the European regulatory space: the EU Green Deal as a transformative project. – IV. The European Environment Agency within the institutional architecture of the Green Deal: role and functions. – V. The EU Scientific Advisory Board on...

Targeted Retention of Communications Metadata: Future-proofing the Fight Against Serious Crime in Europe

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction: data retention and future-proofing. – II. “The Lighthouse for Privacy Rights in Europe”? Past and present CJEU case law on communications data retention. – II.1 Retain in haste, repent at leisure: the legacy of Directive 2006/24/EC. – II.2. La Quadrature du Net and Privacy International: from...

Internal Market 3.0: The Old 'New Approach' for Harmonising AI Regulation

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The evolution of the “New Approach” to harmonisation in the EU: setting the scene. – II.1. The “New Approach” to technical harmonisation. – II.2. The Digital Single Market. – III. Harmonisation in the Draft AI Act: old wine in a new bottle, or new wine? – III.1. Risk-based approach of the Draft AI Act. – III...

Consumer Protection in the Age of Personalised Marketing: Is EU Law Future-proof?

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Personalised marketing and its potential to exploit consumer vulnerabilities. – II.1. Personalised marketing. – II.2. Potential to exploit consumer vulnerabilities. – III. Consumer protection against personalised marketing: shortcomings of the current EU legal framework. – III.1. The Unfair Commercial...

Market Power and the GDPR: Can Consent Given to Dominant Companies Ever Be Freely Given?

e-Journal

Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The Facebook case. – II.1. Case overview. – II.2. The opinion of the AG. – III. Dominance for GDPR purposes. – III.1. Market power and the GDPR. – III.2. Dominance in AG Ranto’s opinion. – III.3. The definition of “gatekeeper” under the DMA. – IV. Dominance and the validity of consent. – IV.1. Freely given...

Consumer Protection in the Age of Personalised Marketing: Is EU Law Future-proof?

e-Journal

Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Personalised marketing and its potential to exploit consumer vulnerabilities. – II.1. Personalised marketing. – II.2. Potential to exploit consumer vulnerabilities. – III. Consumer protection against personalised marketing: shortcomings of the current EU legal framework. – III.1. The Unfair Commercial...

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