Abstract: Until recently, it would have been tautological to say that the question of assessing independence did not arise when the preliminary ruling instrument was activated by a national judge: judges in the Member States were presumed to be independent. However, in the context of the rule of law backsliding, with the adoption of national laws...
Abstract: Access to justice in environmental matters is one of the three pillars of the Aarhus Convention, to which both the EU and its Member States are Parties. In the Convention, access to justice is subdivided into four limbs. Art. 9(3) contains the general obligation of access to review procedures for the public of acts and omissions of private...
Abstract: In case T-65/18 RENV Venezuela v Council the General Court was confronted with the question of the legality under international law of the EU’s restrictive measures against Venezuela. The judgment is of particular importance as it feeds into the burgeoning discussion regarding the juridical nature, and lawfulness, of EU...
Abstract: The Insight delves into the CJEU judgment of WS et al. v Frontex, the first action for damages against the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, Frontex, for human rights violations at the EU's external borders. Despite the prevalence of systemic violations and heightened attention to the agency's...
Abstract: In the context of the litigation relating to the Allegations of Genocide under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Ukraine v Russian Federation) before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the Member States of the European Union (EU) have in turn filed a declaration of intervention on the...
Abstract: This Insight examines the developments in the EU restrictive measures against Russia in the aftermath of the full-scale aggression in Ukraine, focusing on the novel "(g) criterion" designed to target Russian businesspersons (often referred to as Russian oligarchs). The analysis illustrates the recent litigation before the General...
Abstract: In the judgment handed down on 9 November 2023 by the Court of Justice in Staatsanwaltschaft Aachen, the Court has acknowledged that the two-step test aimed at protecting fundamental rights, which was developed in relation to the European Arrest Warrant in Aranyosi and Căldăraru and confirmed by subsequent judgments – in...
Abstract: The Insight aims to analyse whether the Executive Order 14086 of 7 October 2022, signed by the President of the United States following the achievement of the so-called EU-US Data Privacy Framework, has addressed the requirements emerging from the Court of Justice’s ruling in the case Schrems II (case C-311/18). It...
Abstract: This Insight takes the Court of Justice’s ruling in JP v Ministre de la Transition écologique and Premier Ministre (case C-61/21) as a starting point to reflect, more broadly, on the interpretation of the first condition of State liability for breaches of EU law, i.e. that the rule breached shall be intended to...
Abstract: The paper addresses the question whether there exists a specific “Austrian” community of EU law scholars. This forms part of the broader question whether there exists a peculiar German or German-speaking community of EU law scholars (to which the current issue is devoted). To this end, the paper examines three fields – the impact of the...
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