Abstract: At the meeting of 18 and 19 February 2016, the European Council adopted a decision aimed at determining the interpretation of the “ever closer Union” clause contained in the founding Treaties and their preambles. The present Insight will deal with the effect of European Council’s decisions, and of agreements concluded in...

Keywords: protection of personal data – Directive 95/46/EC – Safe Harbour Decision – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – national supervisory authority.
 

The Data Protection Directive (Directive 95/46/EC)[1] provides that the transfer of personal data to a third country may...

Abstract: On 23 December 2015, Advocate General Kokott delivered her Opinion in three cases challenging the validity of Directive 2014/40/EU. Although the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) had already ruled on the legal basis to adopt the former Tobacco Products Directive, new questions arose with the adoption of this new piece of...

Keywords: social security – benefits – lawful residence – economically inactive – citizens – equal treatment.
 

This infringement action was brought by the Commission against the UK for requiring non-UK Union citizens who are economically inactive to lawfully reside in the UK to access certain social...

Keywords: State aid – res judicata – procedural autonomy – equivalence – effectiveness – legal certainty – final administrative act.
 

Dans l’affaire Klausner Holz sur renvoi du tribunal régional de Münster en Allemagne,[1] un prestataire avait obtenu en justice le maintien des effets...

Keywords: terrorism – foreign terrorist fighters – State cooperation – criminal offences – armed conflict.
 

The Additional Protocol to the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism (the Protocol),[1] which supplements the 2005 Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of...

Keywords: institutional balance – foreign affairs – European Parliament – CJEU – Europol.
 

The recent decision of the Court of Justice Parliament v. Council (case C-363/14)[1] concerned a challenge by the European Parliament (EP), who sought the annulment of Council Implementing...

Keywords: ECHR – Art. 15 – fight against terrorism – derogation from the Convention – public safety.
 

Le sceau macabre du terrorisme marque l’histoire de la République française. Régulièrement confrontés à cette violence aveugle, ses gouvernements successifs ont nécessairement bâti un dispositif constitutionnel...

Keywords: Outermost Regions – legal basis – application of the Treaties – derogations – scope ratione materiae.
 

Fra i problemi interpretativi che sorgono in relazione all’art. 349 del Trattato sul funzionamento dell’Unione europea (TFUE)[1] – disposizione che attribuisce all’Unione il potere...

Abstract: Income inequality increased significantly over the past decades. The liberalization and outsourcing of public services, in conjunction with increased pressure on public budgets, has played a considerable role in this development: in procuring services they previously had provided themselves, public authorities fostered price competition...