Table of Contents: I. Introduction: data retention and future-proofing. – II. “The Lighthouse for Privacy Rights in Europe”? Past and present CJEU case law on communications data retention. – II.1 Retain in haste, repent at leisure: the legacy of Directive 2006/24/EC. – II.2. La Quadrature du Net and Privacy International: from...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The Facebook case. – II.1. Case overview. – II.2. The opinion of the AG. – III. Dominance for GDPR purposes. – III.1. Market power and the GDPR. – III.2. Dominance in AG Ranto’s opinion. – III.3. The definition of “gatekeeper” under the DMA. – IV. Dominance and the validity of consent. – IV.1. Freely given...
Abstract: The European Court of Justice's judgment in Keck and Mithouard (joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91 ECLI:EU:C:1993:905) is one of the crucial judgments in the development of the free movement of goods, and EU internal market law more generally. Keck generated a vast number of scholarly commentaries. Its legacy has...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Overturning democracy in the name of the law: the use of creative compliance by EU autocratic legalists. – III. Setting the context: the Court’s ruling in Transparency of Associations. – III.1. The 2017 Transparency Law. – III.2. The Court is in session! – IV. (Almost) New actors, same old story:...
Abstract: This rewriting of Keck and Mithouard (joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91 ECLI:EU:C:1993:905) maintains the basic underlying philosophy of the Keck judgment but dispenses with the terminology of ‘certain selling arrangements’. Enchelmaier’s judgment squarely overturns the Sunday trading case law...
Abstract: This rewriting of Keck and Mithouard (joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91 ECLI:EU:C:1993:905) is based on three categories of measures having equivalent effect: 1) national measures which disadvantage imported goods, 2) product requirements and 3) indistinctly applicable measures capable of...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. From its commercial origin to the acquired purpose: the shifts of PNR data. – III. The EU-UK TCA and the problem of oversight in EU PNR Law. – III.1. The UK-EU TCA PNR provisions. – III.2. Operation of the TCA oversight provisions in practice. – III.3. Analysis. – IV. “Adequacy” standard for the UK-EU PNR...
Abstract: This rewriting of Keck and Mithouard (joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91 ECLI:EU:C:1993:905) unequivocally states that the French prohibition on sale at a loss is a measure having equivalent effect, and relies to this effect on the Oosthoek line of case law. Gormley's judgment aims to closely follow...
Abstract: This rewriting of Keck and Mithouard (joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91 ECLI:EU:C:1993:905) aims to retain the "spirit" of Keck without resorting to categorising national measures into "product requirements" and "certain selling arrangements". The judgment is informed by Senn and Nussbaum’s capability...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. The One Health approach: main conceptual features. – III. The One Health approach in EU policy and legislation. – III.1. The One Health approach in EU policies. – III.2. The One Health approach in EU legislation. – IV. The One Health approach in the European Green Deal. – V. Concluding discussion....
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