Introduction: What Keck and Mithouard Actually Said – And Its Legacy

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Abstract: The European Court of Justice's judgment in Keck and Mithouard (joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91 ECLI:EU:C:1993:905) is one of the crucial judgments in the development of the free movement of goods, and EU internal market law more generally. Keck generated a vast number of scholarly commentaries. Its legacy has...

What Keck and Mithouard Should Have Said: Preventing Substantial Barriers to Market Access

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Abstract: This rewriting of Keck and Mithouard (joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91 ECLI:EU:C:1993:905) is based on three categories of measures having equivalent effect: 1) national measures which disadvantage imported goods, 2) product requirements and 3) indistinctly applicable measures capable of...

What Keck and Mithouard Should Have Said: Same Same, but Different

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Abstract: This rewriting of Keck and Mithouard (joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91 ECLI:EU:C:1993:905) aims to retain the "spirit" of Keck without resorting to categorising national measures into "product requirements" and "certain selling arrangements". The judgment is informed by Senn and Nussbaum’s capability...

A Verfassungsbeschwerde for the European Union?

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In contemporary systems of human rights protection the right to an effective remedy is acquiring a prominent place. It is, indeed, the right of the rights, as no right can be qualified as such unless it is assisted by an effective remedy. The effectiveness of the remedy is thus the indispensable instrument which complements every right, regardless of its nature and rank....

Ball in the Commission’s Court: Ensuring the Effectiveness of EU Law the Day After the Court Ruled

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Overturning democracy in the name of the law: the use of creative compliance by EU autocratic legalists. – III. Setting the context: the Court’s ruling in Transparency of Associations. – III.1. The 2017 Transparency Law. – III.2. The Court is in session! – IV. (Almost) New actors, same old story:...

The Novelty of EU Passenger Name Records (PNR) in EU Trade Agreements: On Shifting Uses of Data Governance in Light of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement PNR Provisions

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Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. From its commercial origin to the acquired purpose: the shifts of PNR data. – III. The EU-UK TCA and the problem of oversight in EU PNR Law. – III.1. The UK-EU TCA PNR provisions. – III.2. Operation of the TCA oversight provisions in practice. – III.3. Analysis. – IV. “Adequacy” standard for the UK-EU PNR...

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European Forum

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Forum Européen

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Forum europeo

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