General Principles of International Law and the EU’s Legal Order

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Table of contents: 1. Introduction. – 2. The position of general principles of international law in the EU legal order. – 3. The Court of Justice of the European Union and general principles of international law. – 3.1. The concept of general principles of (international) law in the CJEU’s case-law. – 3.2. The influence of international law on...

Sustainable Development: A Principle of EU External Relations Law?

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Table of contents: 1. Introduction. – 2. Genesis and place of sustainable development in EU Treaties and policy. –  3. Sustainable development in substantive EU external policies – 3.1. Trade policy. – 3.2. Development cooperation. – 3.3 External environmental policy. –  4. Conclusion.  

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Proportionate Sanctions? Balancing Effectiveness and Fundamental Rights before the CJEU

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Table of Contents: 1. Introduction. – 2. EU sanctions as proportionate sanctions. – 3. The proportionality review of sanctions before the CJEU. – 3.1. The manifest inappropriate test: reviewing the proportionality of policy measures. – 3.1.1. The proportionality plea raised by Russian businesspersons against the ‘criterion (g)’. – 3.1.2. The...

Equivalence as Emerging Principle of EU External Relations Law

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Table of Contents: 1. Introduction. – 2. The Application of the Principle of Equivalence in the Financial Services Sector. – 3. The Adequacy Assessment of Personal Data Transfers to Third Countries. – 4. Other Areas in which the Principle is Employed. – 5. The Outcomes of Applying the Equivalence Mechanism: between protectionism and...

The Requirement of Unity in EU International Representation: A Principle, an Objective or Nothing at All?

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Table of Contents: 1. Introduction – 2. Unity in international representation: an accidental and ambivalent principle? – 3. Unity in the fragmented international representation and in the horizontal relationship?– 3.1 External representation by a panoply of actors and acts – 3.2 External representation as an executive prerogative – 3.3 Three sectors...

General Principles and Fundamental Rights Review in the Common Foreign and Security Policy after KS and KD v Council et al.: A Missed Opportunity for the Rule of Law

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Table of Contents: 1. Introduction – 2. Background to the case: KS and KD in a legal blackhole – 3. CJEU jurisdiction and the curious argument from the principle of conferral – 3.1 Conferral as a principle of integration – 3.2 Fundamental rights review as constitutionalisation, not integration – 3.3 Shift from conferral to consent in the Court’s...

Respect for Human Rights as a General Principle of EU External Relations Law: Between De Jure Obligations and De Facto Standards

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Table of Contents: 1. Introduction – 2. The de jure standard of fundamental rights protection – 2.1. Treaty foundations of the EU’s human rights obligations – 2.2. Human rights obligations flowing from the Charter of Fundamental Rights – 3. The de facto standard of fundamental rights protection – 3.1....

Equity as a General Principle in EU External Relations Law

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Table of contents: 1. Introduction. – 2. Equity at a crossroads in international and EU law. – 2.1. Equity in the practice of international and EU law: the long arc of legality. – 2.2. Equity in international and EU law scholarship: never the twain shall meet. – 3. The internationalised triangle: international justice, equity and law. – 3.1....

Democracy at the Borders: Analyzing the Role of Democratic Principles in EU External Relations Law

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Table of contents: 1. Introduction – 2. Democracy in the Constitutional Case Law of the CJEU – 2.1 Protecting the Prerogatives of the European Parliament – 2.2 The Choice of Legal Basis: Titanium Dioxide – 2.3 Limits on the Ability to Delegate Powers to the Executive – 2.4 Democracy versus Institutional Balance – 3. Democracy in...

General Principles in EU External Relations Law and the EU as a Global Actor: An Introduction

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Table of Contents: 1. Introduction – 2. General principles in EU external relations law: constructing a constitutional space for the EU’s external action. – 3. Overview of the contributions

Abstract: This Introduction to the Special Section examines the role of general principles of law (...

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European Forum

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Forum Européen

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Forum europeo

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