Discriminatory Leveraging Plus: The Standard for Independent Self-Preferencing Abuses after Google Shopping (C-48/22 P)

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Table of Contents: 1. Introduction and background – 2. Dispensability of the indispensability criterion for independent discriminatory leveraging abuses – 3. Standard of the discriminatory leveraging abuse: what is the plus? – 4. The what-if dilemma: causation and the burden of proof – 5. The never-ending tale of the as-efficient-competitor-test – 6...

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