Abstract: In case C-741/19 Republic of Moldova v Komstroy LLC ECLI:EU:C:2021:655, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union found that the acquisition of a claim arising from a contract for the supply of electricity does not constitute an “investment” within the meaning of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). Yet the...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction: recent trends in the practice of the European Union concerning the protection of European citizens vis-à-vis a third State. – II. The quest for competence: arts 20 and 23 TFEU. – III. The quest for competence: the EU-UK agreements. – IV. The quest for competence: customary law on diplomatic protection. –...
Abstract: This Insight makes four key claims. First, evolutionary biology and the study of chimpanzees show that social animals have an emotional need for a stable, formal hierarchy. Second, sovereignty might be understood as a highly evolved and abstract solution to fill this basic need. Third, global interdependence and European...
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