Abstract: A significant judgment of the Grand Chamber of the CJEU was handed down in case C-561/19 Consorzio Italian Management e Catania Multiservizi and Catania Multiservizi ECLI:EU:C:2021:799 (CIM) in October 2021 on the scope of discretion of national courts of last resort when deciding to make a preliminary reference under art...
Abstract: So far, climate change litigation in the European Union has been a disappointment, since the European Court of Justice denied the admissibility of two promising cases in 2021: Sabo ECLI:EU:C:2021:24 and Carvalho ECLI:EU:T:2019:252. Nonetheless, the European human rights litigation can still play a significant role in...
Abstract: The adoption of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism raises several questions of compatibility with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. Although the European Commission is presenting this measure as a “purely environmental” measure, it is, in reality, a trade defense measure that aims to protect the competitiveness of European...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Theoretical framework. – III. Frontex’s bumpy road towards fundamental rights protection. – IV. The Consultative Forum’s contribution to Frontex’s accountability. – IV.1. Political accountability. – IV.2. Legal accountability. – IV.3. Administrative accountability. – IV.4. Social accountability. – V....
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Shedding the light on the hotspots approach: legal framework and actors. – II.1. Legal and policy framework of the hotspots. – II.2. Main actors involved in the hotspots. – III. The fundamental rights violations in the hotspots and their reporting. – III.1. Which fundamental rights are being violated? – III....
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Agencies and agencification. – III. Engagement in Greece in light of push backs and suspension of asylum law. – IV. Involvement at the Hungarian-Serbian border. – V. Expanding competences. – V.1. Standing corps of 10.000 border guards. – V.2. Returns. – VI. Responsibility implications. – VI.1. Liability in...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Subsidiarity. – II.1. Subsidiarity and the exercise of the Union’s external competences. – II.2. The Union’s readmission policy to the test of subsidiarity. – III. Institutional balance. – III.1. Institutional balance in the area of readmission according to the Treaties. – III.2. The Union’s readmission...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. “Immigration courts as border zones”: courts and judicial interactions in the field of irregular migration. – III. ”Is it a crime to be a foreigner?”: courts reconfiguring the borders between criminal law and the return directive. – IV. Detention as a tool to “reconfigure and relocate national borders”:...
Table of Contents: I. Introduction. – II. Quantitative analysis and scope of judicial competence in the external dimension of EU immigration and asylum policies. – III. Substantive inputs from the Court of Justice’s case-law on the external dimension of EU immigration and asylum policies. – IV. What is the Court of Justice’s role in this external...
Table of Contents: I. EU’s shifting borders: an introduction. – II. Protecting borders and respecting human rights. – II.1. How to reconcile diverging constitutional objectives in light of hybridity and informality? – II.2. Which way forward with accountability? – III. EU’s external borders: of administrative integration and the physical and legal...
Abstract: To properly understand the various factors that have been conducive to diplomatic tensions between Spain and Morocco, following the mass arrival of migrants crossing the border of the Ceuta enclave in May 2021, we need to move the debate beyond the recurrent reference to “blackmail”. The instrumentalization of migration for political and...
Abstract: Parallel trade of pharmaceuticals is one of the most contended issues emerging from this industrial sector, which requires to strike a sensitive balance between the fundamental tenets of the internal market (particularly the free movement of goods), the Member States’ competence in regulating the prices of medicines and the conflicting...
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